• 9/11 attacks led to significant changes in civil aviation security.
• Locked cockpit doors and enhanced airport security measures were introduced.
• The attacks also impacted military airpower, with a focus on counterinsurgency operations.
• The rise of drone warfare and autonomous systems has been a lasting consequence.

The 9/11 attacks may have forever altered the trajectory of civil and military aviation, suggesting a shift towards increased security measures and a growing reliance on autonomous systems. This could indicate a permanent change in the way air travel and airpower are conducted, with potential long-term implications for the industry and global security.